Exhaust Ports
Left Cylinder

The exhaust ports are opened by the piston head/rings for 110 degrees of crankshaft travel (from 305 degrees before bottom dead center until 55 degrees after bottom dead center – red arrow and red degree compass on the animation) and the exhaust from the combustion chamber is partially evacuated (how much exhaust is evacuated will depend on how much back pressure is needed to create the correct compression ratio for the next HCCI reaction). The turbulating fins on the piston put the fresh air/fuel mixture into cyclonic motion in the top of the combustion chamber so it does not escape through the open exhaust ports. The following function that Beau de Rocha identified in 1862 has been accomplished: 

• Exhaust (partial – correct back pressure is maintained to insure the correct compression ratio for the next HCCI reaction at the correct time).

RUSSELL BOURKE’S FORMULA  

• Port openings will always be computed from the degree of crankshaft travel.
• Exhaust ports open 55 degrees before bottom dead center (305 degrees – red arrow and red degree compass on the animation) and close 55 degrees after bottom dead center (55 degrees – red arrow and red degree compass on the animation).
• The exhaust ports are open for 110 degrees of crankshaft travel (from 305 degrees before bottom dead center until 55 degrees after bottom dead center – red arrow and red degree compass on the animation).
• Exhaust port hole size is calculated from the stroke of the engine (see Table II for maximum and minimum hole sizes). There are four exhaust port holes and the total area of these four holes is used to determine the total area for the intake and lower transfer port holes.
• That portion of the piston in contact with the cylinder wall on the exhaust and intake port side must be the same diameter as the cylinder bore when the engine is hot at running temperature. This rule is extremely important to ensure there is no leakage from the intake and exhaust ports. It is also critically important for oil control as this engine will run on motor oil, excess oil will upset the air/fuel ratio and/or you will not be able to turn the engine off.

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION  

• Russell Bourke stated the exhaust components were carbon dioxide and water vapor. This claim was based on his research on hydrocarbon chemistry (1922 to 1932 – there were no exhaust gas analyzers). Using a Hamilton Standard Auto Sense, Model CUISNY 9000 Exhaust Gas Analyzer, no carbon monoxide was detected and only 80 parts per million (ppm) of hydrocarbons was detected.
• Russell Bourke stated you could hold matches in the exhaust gases coming directly from the engine without igniting them. Measuring the exhaust gas temperatures coming directly from the exhaust ports, the lowest temperature obtained thus far is 200 degrees F.
• In addition to controlling the compression ratio to insure an HCCI/detonation reaction at the appropriate time, restricting the exhaust also plays an important role in controlling engine speed.
• The Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) system will focus on minimizing exhaust gas emissions because the power of detonation insures there will always be an overabundance of power available.

All of the volumes shown below for the 10.842 cubic inch (177.6748 cc) model were calculated using Solid Works:

• The volume under the piston when it is at Top Dead Center (TDC) is 166.478 cubic centimeters (cc), or 10.1591 cubic inches.
• The volume under the piston when it is at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) is 88.7875 cc, or 5.4181 cubic inches.
• The volume in the combustion area when the piston is at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) is 88.8374 cc, or 5.4212 cubic inches.
• The volume in the combustion area when the piston is at Top Dead Center (TDC) is 7.2358 cc, or 0.4416 cubic inches.

The compression ratio for this model is calculated by dividing the volume at BDC by the volume at TDC (88.8374 cc/7.2358 cc =12.28:1 compression ratio).